DT
State of the Photon – Global FTTH Activity
I haven’t been shy about my prediction that GE-PON would trump GPON deployments and so far I’ve been right. The dominance of GE-PON continues, with large deployments planned or underway throughout Asia. Verizon (VZ) is the only carrier deploying BPON/GPON in size though some activity is promised in Europe. We shall see.
Let’s take a quick look at the state of the photon.
FTTH Stakeholders /= FTTH Shareholders
People tout the big benefits of fiber but refuse to allow those who put capital at risk to make big profits. They seem to be afraid that someone, somewhere, might actually make some money.
A report from the Broadband Stakeholder Group summarizes ongoing worldwide fiber to the home (FTTH) projects . The report highlights the need for FTTH in the UK, something BT (BT) has steadfastly refused to do.
I cannot blame BT- asking them to deploy an expensive network and then be forced to lease it out to competitors (with no downside investment protection of course) is a ridiculous thing to expect of a profit driven entity.
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What Matters About The Apple iPhone
The big deal isn’t the iPhone itself, which is what the mainstream investment, gadget and tech media is focusing on. It’s the way that it will fundamentally challenge how carriers have coupled services with connectivity with a hardware distribution monopoly.
Das Steigende Telekom (The Rising Telekom)
The WSJ Heard on the Street column ($$$ link) looks at Deutsche Telekom’s (DT) valuation. I’ve included a good summary of the metrics at the end of this post for those who don’t have access to the online WSJ – courtesy of Seeking Alpha’s Telecom Stock Blog.
The WSJ article makes the case that even though the valuation of Telekom is attractive on paper, the continued price erosion in wireless and expanding competition in broadband will cap revenue growth.
What the article misses is the groundswell in Europe to deregulate the Telecom sector further in order to spur deployment of next generation broadband infrastructure. Regardless of what the Digital Elite want you to believe, the US is ahead of France, Germany, Spain, Italy and the UK in broadband deployment. And the gap in next generation services is growing. From the article:
In a bid to separate itself from the pack, Deutsche Telekom is spending €3 billion ($3.64 billion) to build a broadband network that will connect residential customers to the Internet at a much faster speed than is currently available and allow it to offer a “triple play” of high-definition television, wireless and Internet access. But regulators in Brussels want to force the company to share the network with rivals at imposed rates, and high-definition TV is expected to remain a marginal business in the near term.
Spanish and French carriers are agitating with the EU to remove the requirement to share the network (UNE) on the basis that it will stifle new broadband infrastructure deployment – I think they are right and that they will get their way. The German Government is throwing it’s weight around the EU and the last thing the Europeans want to do is fall further behind the US in broadband deployment.
Expect to see Deutsche Telekom secure more, not less market share once this happens, and expect higher, not lower margins when it does. People will get advanced broadband, but they will have to pay for it. Es gibt kein freies Mittagessen.
Take this trend, and combine it with the competitive advantages of a carrier offering both fixed and mobile services and Telekom has distinct advantages, not disadvantages over it’s rivals. Softbank bought Vodafone’s mobile business in Japan for this exact reason, and I think it’s a winning strategy. Check out my thoughts on the acquisition.
From Seeking Alpha:
- Share Price: DT shares have dropped 10% over the last year on the background of general telco weakness in Europe and falling revenues from fixed-line services. Its dividend yield, therefore, is 5% higher than peers Vodafone (VOD) and Telefonica (TEF)
- Enterprise Value/EBITDA: EV is 5.4X EBITDA, compared with 5.8X for European telcos (Goldman Sachs estimates). Juan Carlos Acitores from Spanish firm Ahorro Corporación Financiera SV has higher earnings estimates for DT resulting in a 4.8 EV/EBITDA multiple, one of the lowest in global telecom.
- P/E: DT is currently trading at 12X expected 2006 earnings, slightly higher than competitors’ P/E. According to Acitores, who has a ’strong buy’ recommendation on DT, “The stock is significantly undervalued.â€
- Falling Operating Earnings: Thomson Financial reports that earnings per share are projected by analysts to be €1.14 in 2006 and €1.21 in 2007 (2005 earnings were €1.31 per share). Analysts expect Vodafone and AT&T, on the other hand, to grow earnings by more than 9% in 2006 and 2007.
- Falling Revenues: DT’s domestic revenue-the source of more than half total revenue-dropped 1.6% in 2005. Wireless prices are expected to fall up to 20% this year, and the company has lost substantial market share in DSL (from 83% in 2004 to 62% in 2005).
- Tough Restructuring: DT slashed net debt from €74 billion in mid-2001 to €38.6 billion. The current restructuring plan calls for eliminating 32,000 jobs over three years at a cost of €3.3 billion. And according to the WSJ, “some analysts say that even the 32,000 job cuts wouldn’t be enough to get operations sufficiently lean.â€
- T-Mobile USA: With a 27% increase in revenue last year, DT’s US mobile offering provides a glimmer of light. However T-Mobile’s ARPU has been declining faster than rivals’, and churn has been a bigger issue as well. “Because T-Mobile doesn’t have the same amount of spectrum as its competitors, it can’t offer expensive third-generation services to its customers. The unit will have to spend several billion dollars in the next couple of years to upgrade its network.â€
Expropriation is Not Competition, Even in France
The Wall Street Journal published an article on CLEC activity in France which praised the efforts of the French equivalent of UNE regulation and highlights the ‘competitive’ environment it has created. Yesterday the WSJ covered (and we commented on) the German government and Deutsche Telekoms efforts to have UNE rolled back.
UNE, like Net Neutrality, is a confiscatory government policy that expropriates an asset from it’s owner.
The article focuses on the ‘success’ of a French CLEC called Iliad.
One telecom company in particular has exploited the changes and created competition in France — a start-up called Iliad. Over 1.1 million French subscribers pay as low as €29.99 ($36) monthly for a “triple play” package called Free that includes 81 TV channels, unlimited phone calls within France and to 14 countries, and high-speed Internet. The least expensive comparable package from most cable and phone operators in the U.S. is more than $90, although more TV channels are generally included.
And this is how Ilaid’s model works, for those who need a quick into to what UNE regulations are all about.
France Telecom had to allow alternative providers like Iliad, Neuf-Cegetel, and Telecom Italia SpA’s Alice to install their own equipment in the massive underground centers that collect thousands of phone lines. Regulators determine how much France Telecom could charge providers to rent its lines and how many days France Telecom has to fix service problems reported by competitors’ customers.
The reality? The fantastic broadband performance figures Iliad delivers are from a subset of users that happen to be close to central offices. Using UNE, Iliad can decide which customers they can market to, claim those lines from the incumbent telco, and then leave the high cost/low margin business to the incumbent.
CLECs like Iliad are only as good as the infrastructure they can free ride on.
The same situation existed in the USA until the Brand X decision was handed down, and that led to the rapid unraveling (2003, 2004, 2005) of domestic UNE regulations. The result? AT&T (T ) and Verizon (VZ) have now committed billions of dollars to build state of the art infrastructure.
The fact is broadband penetration in France and Germany is less than the USA, and real deployment of advanced FTTH infrastructure is nil in Europe with the exception of muni fiber in Amsterdam.
The real result of the ‘success’ of Iliad and other CLECs is France Telecom isn’t deploying any new advanced infrastructure because they don’t want to be forced to hand it over to a CLEC. Deutsche Telekom, France Telecom, and Telefonica are all refusing to build new infrastructure until the obligation to allow another to free-ride on top of it is removed. This has pitted them against the wishes of the EU- which was the focus of my post yesterday.
Companies only invest risk capital when the potential returns warrant it, regardless of the wishes and magical wand waving of pundits and politicos in Brussels or Washington DC. Telcos will simply refuse to make new investments in technology if the upside rate of return is regulated by a government entity and the downside risk is left unlimited.
The only solution is to create an environment where multiple providers are financially incentivized to build competitive access infrastructures.
Here’s a summary of the blogosphere. Not surprising, everyone confuses expropriation with competition.
Ich bin ein Broadbander
The WSJ on Saturday covered efforts by Deutsche Telekom (DT) to seek deregulation of policies similar to UNE-P regulations here in the US.
Europe’s largest telecommunications company is investing €3 billion ($3.6 billion) to connect residential customers to the Internet at speeds up to 50 megabits per second — more than eight times as fast as its quickest offering so far and faster than any other connection available in German homes. The move is crucial for Deutsche Telekom’s ambitions of offering a “triple play” of services spanning telephone, Internet and television at a time when its traditional business of phone calls is being shaken by major technological upheavals.
It looks like they managed to get a copy of Verizon’s (VZ) and AT&T’s (T ) playbook…
The German incumbent is lobbying to be spared such interference, arguing that it is creating a new service and already faces mounting competition from cable, Internet and other telecom companies. It has threatened to scrap the spending plan and lay off more workers if regulators impose too many restrictions.
The German government supports the removal of UNE-P like rules and has increasingly distanced itself from regulating the telco sector. Why? Concern over a broadband gap! According to the OECD, France, Great Britain, and Germany all lag Japan, Korea, and the USA in broadband penetration, particularly in next gen technology deployments.
Another quote from the WSJ article:
The government argues that there are three steps in fostering competition: privatization, regulation and deregulation. “The third step is the one that needs the most courage,” says Joachim Wuermeling, Germany’s secretary of state for the economy. That stance, however, puts Berlin on a collision course with European Union regulators in Brussels who are responsible for setting the terms of industry competition across the Continent.
As it turns out Telefonica and France Telecom want the same deregulation, and the EU is concerned that allowing Germany to deregulate would be a precedent for the entire continent. All of these carriers are making deployment of next gen broadband networks contingent on a release of obligations to lease the new infrastructure to competitive carriers.
I do not understand the mechanics behind the EU and how it represents the interests of corporations and individuals in member states, but it seems ridiculous that a sovereign country no longer has control of how a company can operate within its own borders. Who are the EU regulators looking out for? Themselves?
Companies only invest risk capital when the potential returns warrant it, regardless of the wishes and magical wand waving of pundits and politicos in Brussels or Washington DC. Telcos will simply refuse to make new investments in technology if the upside rate of return is regulated by a government entity and the downside risk is left unlimited.
I am frustrated the hypocrisy of those who lament broadband availability and technology, but at the same time refuse to allow those who make the risk capital investment to reap the benefits- instead they advocate confiscatory policies like Net Neutrality, and UNE-P.
The good news is that these debates are taking place, as we may be lucky enough to see the same destructive UNE-P legislation that was removed in the USA eradicated from three of the largest states within Continental Europe.
Thanks to Om Malik for some good data (.pdf link, in German) on German broadband policy.
